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In one of our recent projects, we worked with a major global provider of multi-mineral solutions with operations around the globe. Their IT infrastructure analysis showed significant inconsistencies and several issues with their SAP deployment.
To complete the life cycle management of IT applications and create a 360-degree model for daily operations, we advised implementing SAP AMS. This enhanced the efficiency of their departments and enabled them to adapt to the needs of their clients while at the same time concentrating on their business procedures.
There are many standard workflow scenarios available but some business requirements can not be satisfied by standard workflows. So it is important to develop something from scratch as per the business requirements. This blog post is mainly focused on the Sales Order Approval Process. In most of the case, there is only one Manager/Approver who is going to approve the SO. This can be managed by the SD Functional by some configuration and with the same configuration, you can also manage multi-level Manager/Approver too. But what if the business requirement is as bellow,
While creating or changing SO, a workflow should be triggered to a Manager/Approver.
There are 4 Level of Manager/Approver who is going to approve SO one by one.
Sales Order is considered to be approved if the Final Approver level has approved it.
Final Approver can be Level 1 , Level 2 , Level 3 or Level 4 based on the SO amount fit to the range provided to each level.
i.e. Level 1 ( 0 to 1,000 )
i.e. Level 2 ( 1,000 to 10,000 )
i.e. Level 3 ( 10,000 to 1,00,000 )
i.e. Level 4 ( 1,00,000 and above )
Now if SO amount is 65,000, Level 3 is the Final Approver.
If Sales Order is in Credit Block, workflow should be triggered to a Manager/Approver to release it from Credit Block.
Before starting step by step implementation, let us see the basic prerequisites.
Custom Table: In SE11 -> ZSO_APPROVAL( Screenshot – 1 )
Table Maintenance : ZSO_APPROVAL. I have changed the screen, Utility->Table Maintenance Generator->Environment->Modification->Maintenance Screen.
( Screenshot – 2 )
Here, it is not necessary to maintain 4 entries. If there is only one entry like MinValue = 1.00 and Max_Value BLANK(Means anything) then Level 1 will be the Final Approver. In case there is no entry found in this custom table for a particular sales order so the sales order will be skipped from this Level-Approval Process and treated as per SAP Standard flow.
There is no Level-Approver to manage Credit Block. Only one approver is going to release sales orders from Credit Block based on the sales order amount.
Class: Create a Class in SE24, ZSO_APPROVAL_EXIT with event ‘TRIGGER‘. This class also has some interfaces, methods, and attributes that will be covered after this workflow creation steps.
( Screenshot – 3 )
Function Module: Create a Function Module in SE37 as below. There is no importing or exporting or changing parameters.
( Screenshot – 4 )
Implementation Steps:
Step 1: Create workflow and register Events + Binding.
Goto SWDD and create a new workflow. After ‘Abbreviations’ and ‘Description’ in the ‘Basic Data’ tab, you can register events in the ‘Start Event’ tab. Here, we have two events of standard BO “BUS2032” and one custom event of class “ZSO_APPROVAL_EXIT“.
( Screenshot – 5 )
Create following workflow container elements before binding them to the events.
Workflow Container.
ITAB stores HTML Content
ISO stores VBELN
IUSER stores userid while workflow triggered for Credit Release.(VKM1)
BUS2032 is BO which will be used for Credit Release.(VKM1)
( Screenshot – 6 )
Binding will be the same for “CREATED” and “CHANGED” events. The required container element will receive some value whenever a sales order is created or changed.
( Screenshot – 7 )
Binding for “TRIGGER” event of class ZSO_APPROVAL_EXIT. This event will be triggered manually if SO is in Credit Block in FORM USEREXIT_SAVE_DOCUMENT ofMV45AFZZ UserExit or from some BADI.
( Screenshot – 8 )
Note : &EVENT_NAME& will be used to identify the triggered workflow, i.g. workflow is triggered by VA01(Created) or VA02(Changed) or VKM1(Trigger).
Step 2: Common task that will generate SO Details with List of Materials in HTML format.
Below is a sample output of this task that generates HTML content filled with required Sales Order details including a list of materials.
( Screenshot – 9 )
Create an activity with a custom task. ( Screenshot – 10 )
Fill the required field and select Object Category “ABAP Class” and in Object Type “ZSO_APPROVAL_EXIT” with Method “MATERIALS”. So each time this method gets called whenever any of the workflows is triggered. Don’t forget to make this task “BACKGROUND PROCESSING”.
( Screenshot – 11 )
In the Container tab declare ITAB with typed ZSOLISTI1_TT( which is Table Type of SOLISTI1 ). So whole HTML content will be stored in this Container Element and this ITAB is going to be placed in UserDecision Task for both workflows.
( Screenshot – 12 )
It is declared with TableType so Multiline is by default checked but in Parameter Settings check the Export checkbox. Because we are receiving HTML in it.
( Screenshot – 13 )
The Binding for this Task is simple. Just you have to pass &ISO& to MATERIALS method and it will return &ITAB&. ( ISO is Sales Order number )
( Screenshot – 14 )
Step 3: Condition to identify workflow. (Condition 000008)
Create a condition step to identify which workflow should trigger. If event_name is “CREATED” or “CHANGED” it will trigger Sales Order Approval workflow and if event_name is “TRIGGER” it will trigger a workflow to release Sales Order from Credit Block.
( Screenshot – 15 )
Step 4: Let us assume EVENT_NAME is ‘CREATED’ or ‘CHANGED’. That means workflow triggered from VA01 or VA02. ( User Decision 000041 )
Create User Decision step with “Approve” and “Reject” buttons. Pass &ISO& in parameter 1 so it can be used in Title ” Approval for Sales Order: &1″ . &1 is our Sales Order Number. Here agent assignment is dynamic. You can skip this part for now.
( Screenshot – 16 )
In the Control tab, create a new task, and do not forget to make “General Task” in Task Properties.
( Screenshot – 17 )
Assign ZSO_APPROVAL_EXIT in the Program Exits tab. So after taking a decision, it will call that class, and here we can perform operations based on the decision.
( Screenshot – 18 )
Double click on Task “TS90000046” in the control tab. Fill all fields as below.
( Screenshot – 19 )
In the container tab, create an element with “MLIST” with the same type as we created “ITAB”. Here the lines of ITAB will be stored in “MLIST”.
( Screenshot – 20 )
Now simply declare “&MLIST[]&” in the Description tab. The whole HTML content will be displayed in User Decision BODY.
( Screenshot – 21 )
Binding for Task “TS90000046”, assign ITAB to MLIST. ( Screenshot – 22)
Goto decision tab, create a new rule and double click it. Fill the required field and in Rule Definition select “Agent Determination: Function to be Executed” and Function Module “ZRULE_FM“. (Need to create ZRULE_FM first before activating this agent assignment). Do not forget to check “Terminate If Rule Resolution Without Result.
So if there is no agent received for a particular SO, it will not trigger/dump workflow.
( Screenshot – 23 )
In the container of this Rule, create an element with the type VBELN and make it Import. ( Screenshot – 24)
Binding is again simple for this, just pass ISO. ( ISO is sales order number ) ( Screenshot – 25 )
As we did binding above for the Rule, there is an element ISO passed to SO_N. This SO_N will be received in ZRULE_FM in wa_container-value. Based on that VBELN we can get agent from our Custom Table. Append that user-id retrieved from ZSO_APPROVAL to actor_tab.
( Code – 1 )
DATA : wa_actor TYPE swhactor,
wa_container TYPE swcont.
DATA : lv_lines TYPE i.
READ TABLE ac_container INTO wa_container.
IF wa_container-value IS NOT INITIAL.
*** Sales Order Number(VBELN) will be received in [wa_container-value]
*** Based on that you can find Sales Order Amount and than pass it to ZSO_APPROVAL table
*** So you will get list of approvers.
wa_actor-otype = 'US'.
wa_actor-objid = wa_soapp-userid.
APPEND wa_actor TO actor_tab.
ENDIF.
DELETE ADJACENT DUPLICATES FROM actor_tab COMPARING objid.
DESCRIBE TABLE actor_tab LINES lv_lines.
IF lv_lines EQ 0.
RAISE nobody_found.
ENDIF.
Step 5: Finally, Sales Order Approval acknowledgment will be sent to the workflow initiator.
This email will be received by a workflow initiator with decisions taken by the approver and sales order details.
( Screenshot – 26 )
Create Send Mail step to send mail to the initiator. Here BUS2032 container element have enough data regarding particular Sales Order. So you can use it as bellow.
( Screenshot – 27 )
Step 6:Let us assume EVENT_NAME is ‘TRIGGER’. This workflow trigger when SO is in Credit Block. So associated approver can release it without going into VKM1.
Create Activity and create a task to Instantiate BUS2032 BO by using the sales order number. This step is necessary because to get the complete details of a particular SO.
( Screenshot – 28 )
Double-click on task. Fill the required field and do not forget to check Background Processing.
( Screenshot – 29 )
When you perform the above step, it will auto-generate Object Key, Object type, and Object instance.
( Screenshot – 30 )
Pass ISO to Objectkey and BUS2032 ( as it is – string) to the Object type. So it will instantiate BO implicitly and return it to &BUS2032& Container Element.
( Screenshot – 31 )
Step 7: User Decision for Credit Release.
Create User Decision with “Release” and “Block” buttons and pass Parameter1 with &ISO&. When we trigger the event manually from UserExit by calling ZSO_APPROVAL_EXIT-SET_PARAM method with &ISO& and &IUSER&.
( Screenshot – 32 )
Create a new task “TS****” and do not forget to make “General Task” in Task Properties.
( Screenshot – 33 )
Assign ZSO_APPROVAL_EXIT in the Program Exits tab. So after taking a decision, it will call that class, and here we can perform operations based on the decision.
( Screenshot – 34 )
Binding is simple, pass &ITAB& to &MLIST& so HTML content can be displayed on Decision Body. Avoid Extended and Decision_note, I forgot to remove these auto-generated entries.
( Screenshot – 35 )
Step 8: Sales Order Credit Block Acknowledgement sent to the workflow initiator.
Create Send Mail step to send mail to the initiator. Here BUS2032 container element have enough data regarding particular Sales Order. So you can use it as bellow.
( Screenshot – 36 )
Reference Code.
Class ZSO_APPROVAL_EXIT – Interfaces, following interfaces must be implemented.
( Screenshot – 37 )
Class ZSO_APPROVAL_EXIT – Methods, there are only 3 methods used in this blog.
IF_SWF_IFS_WORKITEM_EXIT~EVENT_RAISED
This method is used to handle Decision Taken by the Approver.
SET_PARAMS
This method is used to trigger event when so is in Credit Block.
MATERIALS.
This method is used to get Sales Order details and List of materials.
( Screenshot – 38 )
Event_Raised – Method ( Code – 2 )
IF im_event_name EQ 'AFT_EXEC'.
CHECK ls_wihead-wi_stat NE swfco_wi_status_error
AND ls_wihead-wi_stat NE swfco_wi_status_excpcaught
AND ls_wihead-wi_stat NE swfco_wi_status_excphandlr.
l_wf_cont = im_workitem_context->get_wf_container( ).
l_wi_cont = im_workitem_context->get_wi_container( ).
CALL METHOD l_wf_cont->get
EXPORTING
name = 'EVENT_NAME'
IMPORTING
value = _wf.
CALL METHOD l_wi_cont->get
EXPORTING
name = '_WI_RESULT'
IMPORTING
value = _res.
***IF A Persion has clicked on Approve button, _res = 0001. and _wf will be received from Workflow.
IF _res EQ '0001' AND ( _wf EQ 'CREATED' OR _wf EQ 'CHANGED' ).
***Code to change SO status in JEST standard table.
***You can use 'I_CHANGE_STATUS' FM
***After getting approved by the approver, it will trigger workflow to next approver level as maitained in ZSO_APPROVAL Table.
***Manually Trigger workflow to next level approver.
***
***
WAIT UP TO 1 SECONDS.
CALL FUNCTION 'SAP_WAPI_CREATE_EVENT'
EXPORTING
object_type = object_type "BUS2032
object_key = object_key "SALES ORDER NUMBER
event = event. "CHANGED
***
***
ELSEIF _res EQ '0001' AND _wf EQ 'TRIGGER'.
CALL METHOD l_wf_cont->get
EXPORTING
name = 'ISO'
IMPORTING
value = so_n.
CALL FUNCTION 'SD_ORDER_CREDIT_RELEASE'
EXPORTING
vbeln = so_n.
***
ENDIF.
Materials – Method – to generate HTML Content. ( Code – 3 )
*** ITAB and ISO are imporing parameters.
*** By using ISO that is SO Number you can get details of Materials
*** Append each HTML Line to ITAB [ ITAB TYPE ZSOLISTI1_TT ] Create TableType of SOLISTI1.
DATA : wa_contents TYPE solisti1.
wa_contents-line = |<html><head><style>|.APPEND wa_contents TO itab.
wa_contents-line = '.t1 {font-family: "Trebuchet MS", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;border-collapse: collapse;width: 80%;}'.APPEND wa_contents TO itab.
wa_contents-line = '.t1 td, .t1 th {border: 1px solid #000;padding: 2px;}'.APPEND wa_contents TO itab.
wa_contents-line = '.t2{font-family: "Trebuchet MS", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;border-collapse: collapse;width: 100%;}'.APPEND wa_contents TO itab.
wa_contents-line = '.t2 td, .t2 th {border: 1px solid #504F4F;padding: 5px;}'.APPEND wa_contents TO itab.
wa_contents-line = '.t2 tbody tr:nth-child(even){background-color: #f2f2f2;}'.APPEND wa_contents TO itab.
wa_contents-line = '.t2 tbody tr:hover {background-color: #ddd;}'.APPEND wa_contents TO itab.
wa_contents-line = '.t2h1 {padding-top: 12px;padding-bottom: 12px;text-align: left;background-color: #9BC2E6;color: #504F4F;}'.APPEND wa_contents TO itab.
wa_contents-line = '.t2h2 {padding-top: 12px;padding-bottom: 12px;text-align: left;background-color: #A6A6A6;color: #504F4F;text-align:center;}'.APPEND wa_contents TO itab.
wa_contents-line = |</style></head><body>|.APPEND wa_contents TO itab.
wa_contents-line = |<table border="1" class="t1"><tbody>|.APPEND wa_contents TO itab.
wa_contents-line = |<tr><td>Person Responsible</td><td>{ ename }</td></tr>|.APPEND wa_contents TO itab.
wa_contents-line = |<tr><td>Sales Organization</td><td>{ wtab-vkorg }</td></tr>|.APPEND wa_contents TO itab.
wa_contents-line = |<tr><td>Distribution Channel</td><td>{ wtab-vtweg }</td></tr>|.APPEND wa_contents TO itab.
wa_contents-line = |<tr><td>Division</td><td>{ wtab-spart }</td></tr>|.APPEND wa_contents TO itab.
wa_contents-line = |<tr><td>Sold to Party</td><td>{ wtab-name1 }</td></tr>|.APPEND wa_contents TO itab.
wa_contents-line = |<tr><td>Inco-Terms</td><td>{ wtab-inco1 }</td></tr>|.APPEND wa_contents TO itab.
wa_contents-line = |</tbody></table><table border="1" class="t2" style="margin-top:10px;"><tbody>|.APPEND wa_contents TO itab.
wa_contents-line = |<tr><th class="t2h1">List of Material:</th></tr>|.APPEND wa_contents TO itab.
wa_contents-line = |<tr><th class="t2h2">Material No</th><th class="t2h2">Material Description</th>|.APPEND wa_contents TO itab.
wa_contents-line = |<th class="t2h2">Order Quantity</th>|.APPEND wa_contents TO itab.
wa_contents-line = |<th class="t2h2">UOM</th>|.APPEND wa_contents TO itab.
wa_contents-line = |<th class="t2h2">Pending Quantity</th>|.APPEND wa_contents TO itab.
wa_contents-line = |<th class="t2h2">Basic Price</th>|.APPEND wa_contents TO itab.
wa_contents-line = |<th class="t2h2">Amount</th>|.APPEND wa_contents TO itab.
wa_contents-line = |<th class="t2h2">Currency</th></tr>|.APPEND wa_contents TO itab.
LOOP AT imat INTO wmat.
***GET MATERIALS DETAILS***
ENDLOOP.
wa_contents-line = |</tfoot></table></body></html>|.APPEND wa_contents TO itab.
SET_PARAMS – Method. ( Code – 4 )
METHOD set_params.
DATA: lv_objtype TYPE sibftypeid,
lv_event TYPE sibfevent,
lv_objkey TYPE sibfinstid,
lr_event_parameters TYPE REF TO if_swf_ifs_parameter_container,
lv_param_name TYPE swfdname,
lv_id TYPE char10.
DATA : wa TYPE zmatlist.
lv_objtype = 'ZSO_APPROVAL_EXIT'. " your class name
lv_event = 'TRIGGER'. " event name.
CALL METHOD cl_swf_evt_event=>get_event_container
EXPORTING
im_objcateg = cl_swf_evt_event=>mc_objcateg_cl
im_objtype = lv_objtype
im_event = lv_event
RECEIVING
re_reference = lr_event_parameters.
lv_param_name = 'ISO'. " parameter name of the event
lv_id = iso.
TRY.
CALL METHOD lr_event_parameters->set
EXPORTING
name = lv_param_name
value = lv_id.
CATCH cx_swf_cnt_cont_access_denied .
CATCH cx_swf_cnt_elem_access_denied .
CATCH cx_swf_cnt_elem_not_found .
CATCH cx_swf_cnt_elem_type_conflict .
CATCH cx_swf_cnt_unit_type_conflict .
CATCH cx_swf_cnt_elem_def_invalid .
CATCH cx_swf_cnt_container .
ENDTRY.
lv_param_name = 'IUSER'. " parameter name of the event
lv_id = iuser.
TRY.
CALL METHOD lr_event_parameters->set
EXPORTING
name = lv_param_name
value = lv_id.
CATCH cx_swf_cnt_cont_access_denied .
CATCH cx_swf_cnt_elem_access_denied .
CATCH cx_swf_cnt_elem_not_found .
CATCH cx_swf_cnt_elem_type_conflict .
CATCH cx_swf_cnt_unit_type_conflict .
CATCH cx_swf_cnt_elem_def_invalid .
CATCH cx_swf_cnt_container .
ENDTRY.
TRY.
CALL METHOD cl_swf_evt_event=>raise
EXPORTING
im_objcateg = cl_swf_evt_event=>mc_objcateg_cl
im_objtype = lv_objtype
im_event = lv_event
im_objkey = lv_objkey
im_event_container = lr_event_parameters.
CATCH cx_swf_evt_invalid_objtype .
CATCH cx_swf_evt_invalid_event .
ENDTRY.
COMMIT WORK.
ENDMETHOD.
Bellow code can be placed in MV45AFZZ user-exit or you can use BADI to call the SET_PARAM method to trigger the workflow.
( Code – 5 )
*** TRIGGER WORKFLOW FROM MV45AFZZ.
*** LV_USER is an Approver who is going to take decision whether SO should be removed from Credit Block or Not.
*** MANUALLY TRIGGER WORKFLOW FOR VKM1
DATA obj TYPE REF TO zso_approval_exit.
data lv_user_t type uname.
CREATE OBJECT obj.
lv_user_t = |US{ lv_user }|.
obj->set_params( EXPORTING iso = vbak-vbeln iuser = lv_user_t ).
*** MANUALLY TRIGGER WORKFLOW FOR VKM1
*** CODE TO REMOVE OLD/PENDING WORKFLOW TRIGGERD FOR THE SAME SO.
lv_srch = |%{ lv_vbeln }|. "CONCATE % WITH SO NUMBER
SELECT wi_id wi_aagent wi_cd wi_ct FROM swwwihead INTO TABLE wtab
WHERE wi_text LIKE lv_srch AND
( wi_stat EQ 'READY' OR wi_stat EQ 'STARTED' OR wi_stat EQ 'SELECTED' ) AND
top_task EQ 'WS90000016'.
LOOP AT wtab.
IF wtab-wi_cd LT sy-datum.
CALL FUNCTION 'SAP_WAPI_ADM_WORKFLOW_CANCEL'
EXPORTING
workitem_id = wtab-wi_id
actual_agent = wtab-wi_aagent.
ELSEIF wtab-wi_cd EQ sy-datum AND wtab-wi_ct LE time.
CALL FUNCTION 'SAP_WAPI_ADM_WORKFLOW_CANCEL'
EXPORTING
workitem_id = wtab-wi_id
actual_agent = wtab-wi_aagent.
ENDIF.
ENDLOOP.
What did you learn from this blog post?
You can create a workflow with standard BO events and custom class event by following this prototype. It is also possible to merge multiple workitem in a single workflow .
Dynamic agent assignment using Function Module.
You can design your own stylish content in mail body using CSS + HTML.
Further, you can also add validation in Outbound Delivery and Invoice as well to restrict it without final level approvel.
( Screenshot – 39 )
Do connect me if there is any issue or if I missed some points.
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